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Because animals are evolutionarily wired to hide weakness—lest they become prey—identifying pain requires a deep understanding of species-specific behavior. A dog in pain may not yelp; they might simply stop eating, pant excessively, or become unusually clingy or aggressive. A cat in pain often presents as a "silent sufferer," hiding in the back of the cage or tensing its facial muscles (a grimace scale is now used by vets to score feline pain).

Changes in behavior are symptoms. A senior cat who stops jumping onto the bed is not aging gracefully; she is likely in pain. A dog who suddenly hides during thunderstorms may have developed a physical sensitivity, not a phobia. Changes in behavior are symptoms

Cats are notorious for masking sickness. When a cat begins hiding in dark closets, stops grooming, or ceases jumping onto elevated surfaces, it rarely indicates a sudden personality shift. More often, it points to metabolic illnesses like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or severe joint pain. Stereotypic and Compulsive Behaviors Cats are notorious for masking sickness

The Science of Animal Behavior and Welfare: Challenges ... - Frontiers If you share with third parties

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