a. percutaneous femoral vein cannulation. b. cutdown on the saphenous vein at the ankle. c. intraosseous catheter placement in the proximal tibia. d. percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities. e. central venous access via the subclavian or internal jugular vein.

Log-roll the patient safely keeping the spine aligned.

Tension Pneumothorax: Treat immediately with needle decompression (5th intercostal space, anterior axillary line for adults) followed by a finger thoracostomy or chest tube.